Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Summary

Nuxt is a free and open-source framework to create full-stack web applications and websites with Vue.js. The `navigateTo` function attempts to blockthe `javascript:` protocol, but does not correctly use API's provided by `unjs/ufo`. This library also contains parsing discrepancies. The function first tests to see if the specified URL has a protocol. This uses the `unjs/ufo` package for URL parsing. This function works effectively, and returns true for a `javascript:` protocol. After this, the URL is parsed using the parseURL function. This function will refuse to parse poorly formatted URLs. Parsing `javascript:alert(1)` returns `null/""` for all values. Next, the protocol of the URL is then checked using the `isScriptProtocol` function. This function simply checks the input against a list of protocols, and does not perform any parsing. The combination of refusing to parse poorly formatted URLs, and not performing additional parsing means that script checks fail as no protocol can be found. Even if a protocol is identified, whitespace is not stripped in the `parseURL` implementation, bypassing the `isScriptProtocol` checks. Certain special protocols are identified at the top of `parseURL`. Inserting a new line or tab into this sequence will block the special protocol check, and bypass the latter checks. This only has an impact after SSR has occurred, the `javascript:` protocol within a location header does not trigger Cross-site Scripting. This vulnerability also affects ufo package versions prior to 1.5.4. All users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability. This vulnerability also affects versions of the nuxt package prior to 3.12.4, as it relies on ufo as a dependency.